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The problem of the application of the term second serfdom in the history of Central Eastern Europe: the case of Lithuanian economy in the 16th-19th centuries (until 1861)

Darius Žiemelis
Mykolas Romeris University, Institute of Philosophy and Humanities, E-mail: dariusziemelis@inbox.lt

DOI number: 10.53604/rjbns.v7i1_6

Darius Žiemelis (2015), The problem of the application of the term second serfdom in the history of Central Eastern Europe: the case of Lithuanian economy in the 16th-19th (until 1861). RJBNS 7(1), 123-149. DOI: 10.53604/rjbns.v7i1_6. https://balticnordic.hypotheses.org/files/2018/12/08.-Ziemelis.pdf

Acknowledgments
The publication of this paper is supported by EEA Grants, contract no 4/22.07.2014.

Abstract:
In the 16th-19th centuries (until 1861) the term second serfdom is not applied in the investigations of the economic organization of Lithuania. However, the theory of the neo-Marxist capitalist world system (CWS) of the most famous and influential American comparative historical sociology representative I. Wallerstein offers to look at the phenomenon of the second serfdom from a global perspective emphasizing external causes and to consider it a manifestation of peripheral capitalism in Central Eastern Europe. In his fundamental work The Modern World System, the Polish and Lithuanian social economic order in the 16th-18th centuries is treated as the periphery of the CWS at that time. The goal of this article is using the access of modern comparative historical sociology to answer the question of whether the term second serfdom is applicable (and if so, when) to describe the economic organization of Lithuania in 1557–1861. The article states that in view of the economic development of Lithuania in 1557–1861 considering an essential component of the CWS theory – the concept of peripheral capitalism, the features of the second serfdom are most distinctly seen in Lithuania not in the 16th-18th centuries (as I. Wallerstein stated), but in the second half of the 18th century – 1861.

Rezumat:
Termenul de a doua iobăgie nu este aplicat pentru secolele al XVI-lea – al XIX-lea (până la 1861) în ceea ce privește investigarea organizării economice din Lituania. Totuși, teoria neomarxistă a sistemului capitalist mondial a celui mai faimos și influent reprezentant american al școlii sociologice istorice comparative, I. Wallerstein, și-a luat libertatea de a privi fenomenul celei de-a doua iobăgii dintr-o perspectivă globală, subliniindu-i cauzele externe, și de a-l considera ca o manifestare a capitalismului periferic din Europa Centrală și de Răsărit. În lucrarea sa fundamentală intitulată Sistemul Mondial Modern, ordinea economico-socială din secolele al XVI-lea – al XVIII-lea este tratată ca o periferie a sistemului capitalist mondial din acele vremuri. Scopul acestui articol este de a face apel la sociologia istorică comparativă modernă pentru a răspunde la întrebarea dacă termenul de a doua iobăgie este aplicabil (și dacă da, când) pentru a descrie organizarea economică a Lituaniei între anii 1557 și 1861. Articolul afirmă că privind dezvoltarea economică a Lituaniei între 1557 și 1861 prin prisma unei componente esențiale a teoriei sistemului capitalist mondial – conceptul de capitalism periferic, trăsăturile celei de-a doua iobăgii sunt cel mai vizibile nu în secolele al XVI-lea – al XVIII-lea (așa cum afirma I. Wallerstein), ci din a doua jumătate a secolului al XVIII-lea până la 1861.

Keywords: second serfdom, 16th-19th centuries Lithuanian social economic history, concept of peripheral capitalism, corvée farmstead economy

https://balticnordic.hypotheses.org/files/2018/12/08.-Ziemelis.pdf