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The birth of minority legislation in the newly independent Finland and Estonia (1918–1920): a comparative analysis

Kari Alenius
University of Oulu, E-mail: kari.alenius@oulu.fi
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0339-2922

DOI number: https://doi.org/10.53604/rjbns.v13i2_4

Kari Alenius (2021), The birth of minority legislation in the newly independent Finland and Estonia (1918–1920): a comparative analysis. RJBNS 13(2), 61-84. DOI: 10.53604/rjbns.v13i2_4. https://balticnordic.hypotheses.org/files/2022/01/06.Alenius.pdf

AbstractRezumat
This article analyzes how ethnic minorities were taken into account in the Finnish and Estonian constitutions, and why account was taken precisely in a certain way. At the same time, it approaches what kinds of views were presented by different political parties and interest groups, what kind of debate was being held in Parliament and how the matter was dealt with in the leading media. The outcome of the process in both countries was that exceptionally broad linguistic and cultural rights were given to minorities if the situation was compared with the rest of Europe.
There were several factors behind the process. One factor was the relationship between ethnic groups in Finland and Estonia in the historical perspective. Another factor was each country’s internal debate on what kind of social order in general was to be built. The third factor was how the politics in Finland and Estonia was influenced by international trends and theories about how ethnic minorities should have been treated.
Acest articol analizează modalitatea în care au fost tratate minoritățile etnice în constituțiile finlandeză și estoniană și cauzele acestor abordări. În același timp, răspunde la întrebarea ce fel de opinii au fost prezentate de diferite partide politice și grupuri de interese, ce fel de dezbateri au avut loc în Parlament și cum a fost reflectată tematica în mass-media principale. Rezultatul procesului de dezbateri din ambele țări a fost că au fost acordate minorităților drepturi lingvistice și culturale excepțional de largi, dacă ar fi să le comparăm cu ceea ce se întâmpla în restul Europei.
În spatele acestui proces au existat mai mulți factori. Un factor a fost relația dintre grupurile etnice din Finlanda și Estonia din perspectiva istorică. Un alt factor a fost dezbaterea internă din cadrul fiecărei țări cu privire la ce fel de ordine socială urma să fie constituită, în general. Al treilea factor a fost constituit de maniera în care politica din Finlanda și Estonia a fost influențată de tendințele și teoriile internaționale cu privire la drepturile care ar fi trebuit acordate minorităților etnice.
Keywords:minorities, legislation, Finland, Estonia, ethnic relations
CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0)
This paper has been presented at the Ninth Annual International Conference on Baltic and Nordic Studies in Romania: 100 Years since Modern Independence and Unification in Baltic Sea Region and East-Central Europe held in Târgoviște, Romania during November 15-16, 2018.

Full text in pdf: https://balticnordic.hypotheses.org/files/2022/01/06.Alenius.pdf